Thursday, November 28, 2019

Serial Killer free essay sample

What makes a serial killer? Some people think that they are genetically pre-disposed to such behavior. Others argue that they are products of their often dysfunctional environments. Neither theory has been proven yet however, behavioral science experts have noticed several similarities in the traits and upbringings of serial killers. In September of 1984, a meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences was held. Professors Ralph DAgostino and Ann W. Burgess, along with FBI behavioral specialists Robert Ressler and John Douglas, created an essay on serial killers. The essay was based on a study of thirty-six incarcerated murderers. The experts took note of the similarities between them. Through this study, they concluded that a majority of serial killers are highly intelligent white males. Although they are very smart, many of them do not excel in school. Many of them are unable to hold a steady job. More often than not, serial killers come from troubled or broken homes. We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are usually abandoned by their fathers and grow up in a female-dominated household. Many times there is a family history of mental illness, alcoholism and criminal behavior. They are often the victims of psychological, sexual or physical abuse (or any combination of the three). This abuse can result in lasting feelings of intimidation, embarrassment and helplessness. They grow up resenting their absent/abusive fathers and tend to transfer these feelings to other/all men. Many of them harbor feelings of animosity towards females because of domination by their mothers. They tend to become very misanthropic and antisocial. Many serial killers exhibit signs of mental problems as children and have suicidal tendencies as teenagers. They often form deviant sexual habits and preferences. Some form fetishes that are considered socially undesirable. Some are infatuated with pornography. Others have voyeuristic sexual practices. It is not to say that all people who exhibit these characteristics are (potential) serial killers. They are merely common factors and traits observed among a group of convicted murderers. The experts also noted some childhood behaviors in these killers that can be considered potential warning signs of disturbed behavior. These three traits have been nicknamed the Psychopathological Triad. The first of these behaviors is enuresis, more commonly known as bed-wetting. This behavior is completely normal and common in small children. If the behavior continues into the pubescent years however, it may be a sign of an emotionally disturbed individual. Studies have shown that sixty percent of serial killers have experienced such behavior. Pyromania is the second of these behaviors. Many serial killers became sexually aroused by the act of setting fire to things. They derive a certain sense of power from causing destruction and are often delighted to watch things burn. The last and most disturbing is animal torture. Children or adolescents who take pleasure in hurting other living things may be in need of psychological help. For some it is a passing phase that is looked back upon with shame and regret. For others who continue to enjoy such behavior and show no remorse for it, it can be a serious problem. The viciousness and violence increase over time and are eventually directed at human beings. Animals are merely practice for such people. I will be doing a series of follow-up articles in which I discuss specific types of serial killers and their distinctive traits and signatures.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Relevancy of Marxism in Modern Latin America

The Relevancy of Marxism in Modern Latin America Free Online Research Papers Although capitalism has taken root throughout the world, even in socialist and communist countries like Venezuela and China, Marxism remains today an important ideological force in Latin America more than anywhere else. This paper argues that in Latin America, there exists a strong movement to peacefully reform the economic, political and social structure in the area, consistent with Marx’s â€Å"theory of the state†. The allure of Marxism appears, at least in part, to be a reaction to negative ramifications resulting from capitalist globalization, such as the methods of production in developing countries. The idea of Marxism is not necessarily important for political leaders in communist and socialist countries, but more so for the working classes which make possible the production of goods by multinational corporations; the very people who suffer from low wages and class struggles. Judging by 20th Century Latin American history, Marxism has no doubt established itself as an important ideological force in revolutionary movement. Cuba (1959-1991), Chile (1970-73), Grenada (1979-83), Nicaragua (1979-90), El Salvador (1980-1991) , and Venezuela (1992-Present) are all cases in which revolutionary change occurred with Marxist and Socialist ideals in mind. During most of those events, however, the effects of globalization were not wholly realized by the people of Latin America and the respective end results were not what Marx had in mind when writing the Communist Manifesto. The economic and political climate is much different today than it was for most of the 20th century. Today, socialist states retain the social structure which Marx criticized: there is a class of workers and there is a class of owners. Countries like Sweden and Norway are only considered ‘socialist states’ because those countries utilize vast government-controlled welfare programs. Even though countries like Venezuela and China use almost all revenues from nationalized business to fund social programs , political and business leaders hold all of the power, which creates class struggles. Marxist ideals are most relevant to the developing parts of Latin America because of its populist appeal. Capitalism is indubitably responsible for economic growth in Latin America , just as it has been in the industrialized nations; however, the fundamental unfairness in how the economic growth is distributed in these developing countries contributes to the frustration of working classes. Looking at the Gini Index, a measure of income distribution, most Latin American countries rate around or well above 50 on a scale of 0-100, where 0 represents total equality . Whereas industrialized nations control capital investment, the developing nations rely on this investment for growth, and the governments in Latin America have a record of lax legislation in order to appeal to multinational corporations’ investments. Such a situation contributes to the ‘alienation’ of a worker. Workers in Latin America produce goods which they almost never benefit from and receive compensation for that work which is worth considerably less than the good produced. Data from the Quarterly Journal of Economics in May 2006 states: â€Å"The distribution for Brazil is displayed in Figure IIe. The rightmost part of the distribution shifts a lot more than its lower end, which reflects an increasing level of inequality. This is a phenomenon that we tend to observe in all Latin America. The reduction in poverty rates in Brazil seems to have been small, and to have occurred mostly during the 1970s. In fact, the lower end of the distribution appears to shift to the left between 1980 and 1990, which indicates an increase in poverty during the â€Å"lost decade† of the 1980s. Little progress has been made during the 1990s.† Multinational corporations exploit the workers’ desperate situations by gaining control of their work and work lives, and the workers of Latin America have realized that their situation hasn’t gotten any better. The situation presented is problematic for more reasons, because the conditions in which workers are placed are reminiscent of what Marx saw in Europe in the mid 19th century. Workers are subject to â€Å"that quantum of the means of subsistence which is absolutely requisite to keep the laborer in bare existence as a laborer† (Marx, Engels, 1848). Workers earn just enough to get by, impoverished, and they continue to lack the capital to build their own enterprise. The work itself is also characterized by monotony and alienation; says Marx, â€Å"He becomes an appendage of the machine, and is only the†¦most monotonous†¦that is required of him. Hence, the cost of a workman is restricted†¦to the means of subsistence that he requires for his maintenance.† It is important to realize that Marx admires the successes of capitalism in broadening the horizons of material and cultural opportunity, and that his aim of revolution is not a communist or socialist state. He says in the Manifesto, â€Å"[The Bourgeoisie] must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere. The bourgeoisie has†¦given a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption in every country.† Marx’s objections rather are directed at class divisions, and how history is defined by class struggles; the bourgeoisie have subjugated the working classes in a terrible manner. Marx’s objective is to overthrow the bourgeois supremacy and establish the political power of the proletariat. In the case of Latin America, the goal of the working class is to overthrow multinational corporations, nationalize critical markets, and establish a society in which the government- under the will of the people- rules all and divides the ec onomic spoils as it sees fit. Perhaps the least radical and violent method of reformation is the implementation of a worker cooperative movement. The rise of the worker cooperative in Latin America is the most basic and important example of how and why Marxism is relevant to the people of that region. Branko Horvat, a Marxist scholar, argues that the â€Å"basic form of socialism is self-management† and outlines the basic characteristics of self-managed groups: 1. Participation in decision making is direct on all matters affecting the work unit 2. The decision making process itself and the decisions reached are transparent 3. Because of the continuous face-to-face nature of the group, the unjustified and permanent imposition of the will of the majority is unlikely 4. Because of (1) and (3), the possibilities for the manipulation of opinion are limited. Worker Cooperatives meet all of these criteria, since they are based on common ownership of a company and democratic decision making. Since the standard of living, infrastructure, education and advanced skill sets in Latin America are much lower than in developed countries, the working classes must still rely on manufacturing and exports in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This means that capitalism, or the free trade of goods and services, is still the best option since it is beyond reason to think that any country could achieve self-sustainability the way Stalinist Russia tried to achieve. The worker cooperative achieves the productive goals of the free market while still avoiding the negative implications of worker vs. owner capitalism. Trent Craddock and Sarah Kennedy, Canadian researchers of worker cooperatives, state that â€Å"since December of 2001, the government of Argentina has been very supportive of worker co-operatives and has recognized that worker co-ops are able to sustain employment and production.† The instance here is an example of workers peacefully moving to gain control of industries in which they collectively make decisions and have part ownership in their company. Grassroots Economic Organizing (GEO) is an organization started in the United States which promotes and helps organize worker cooperatives in the Latin American region. Worker cooperatives also avoid the negative implications of Marx’s â€Å"alienation† and â€Å"globalization†. The workers in this case will own a part of their company and thus benefit from the sale of the relative product, rather than being paid a wage not consistent with their product’s value, in the case of private ownership. The workers democratically make decisions, which ensure that their labor is not subject to the dominant bourgeoisie and that since their method of work is decided by them, it is most likely not going to be monotonous and degrading. As explained above, â€Å"alienation† exists when all of these factors are present in a person’s work life. Worker cooperatives do not fit into the idea of â€Å"globalization† since foreign companies are not providing and controlling investment to run these companies. There are multiple instances of Latin Americans overthrowing private interests, but almost none are consistent with Marx’s vision, insofar that every time a government has attempted a Marxist state, factors still exist which destroy the ultimate goal of Marxism, which is to empower the working class. A more specific example provides insight into the problems of collectivization. In Cochambaba, Bolivia, the people managed to drive out a corporation which attempted to privatize the water supply . Rather than achieving a society in which everyone enjoyed access to water, the system returned to a poorly government-run system where sixty percent of households are connected to a water supply and pay as much ten times what they would have to a private company . The net effect of nationalizing the water supply is critical in considering the legitimacy of Marxism as it used and exploited in today’s social struggles. When a country nationalizes markets, it cuts itself off from the benefits of privatization, and for a society trying to sustain for the long term, for the immediate benefit of nationalization and social programs could result in that country one day finding itself without the accumulated capital it needs to grow. In Venezuela, Hugo Chavez nationalized the oil industry- much like populist leaders in Ecuador and Bolivia- because he thought that too much of the revenue generated from the industry went to private, foreign interests . As the Tina Rosenberg states in The New York Times, â€Å"When Venezuela’s oil was in private hands, the government collected 80 cents of every dollar of oil exported. With nationalization the figure dropped, and by the early 1990s, the government was collecting roughly half that amount.† This troubling figure is due to the fact that Chavez ignores the need for more oil exploration and diverts almost all of the funds to social programs and his own secret funds and agendas. These examples of failures in national interests don’t lie on the same premises as worker cooperatives. The executions of these industrial reformations were made by an oligarchy, and either society hardly reflects true Marxism. Yet these failures must remain an important lesson to worker cooperatives, and how growth and expansion is necessary to sustain a company. There are factors working against the Marxist movements in Latin America as well. In Nicaragua, during the revolutionary movement against the Somoza regime, the hierarchy in the Catholic Church acted in the counterrevolutionary interests and supported the bourgeois cause . Catholicism is an important cultural aspect in almost all of Latin Americans’ lives, and it is likely that business and authoritative interests will work against common ownership and democratic thought. This does not, however, discount the legitimacy or importance of a Marxist movement. The situation of the majority of the Latin American working class currently fits into the extreme of what Marx criticized in his writings: alienation of the worker from his or her product; that worker’s life being dominated by monotonous and dismal work; and also the forcing of the worker into a vicious cycle of subsistence and survival. This picture is also characterized by foreign investment controlling these unwanted factors. It is important to realize that because of these factors, Marxism will play a role in peaceful worker movements, consistent with his â€Å"theory of the state†, in order to gain common ownership and decision making rights in a broad range of industries in Latin America. Bailey, Ronald. Water is a Human Right. Reason Magazine. 17 Aug. 2005. 4 Nov. 2007 . Berman, Marshall. Unchained Melody. The Nation (1998). 8 Nov. 2007 . Berman, Marshall. Unchained Melody. The Nation (1998). 8 Nov. 2007 . Craddock, Trent, and Sarah Kennedy, comps. Analysis of International Trends in Worker Co-Operatives. 2003. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 10 Nov. 2007 . Harris, Richard L. Marxism, Socialism, and Democracy in Latin America. 8th ed. Boulder: Westview P, 1992. 140-145. Knopf, Alfred A. Marxism in Latin America. Toronto: Georgetown University, 1968. Kozloff, Nikolas. Hugo Chavez. New York City: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. Kozloff, Nikolas. Hugo Chavez. New York City: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006. Love, Nancy, ed. Dogmas and Dreams. 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly P, 2006. 236-275. Mandle, Jay R. Marxist Analyses and Capitalist Development in the Third World. Theory and Society os 9 (1980): 1-12. SpringerLink. Vancouver. 6 Nov. 2007. Keyword: Marxism. Petras, James, and Chronis Polychroniou. Marxism Today: Essays on Capitalism, Socialism and Strategies for Social Change. Capitalist Transformation: the Relevance of and Challenges to Marxism. 5 Nov. 2007 . Rosenberg, Tina. Perils of Petrocracy. The New York Times. 3 Nov. 2007. 12 Nov. 2007 . Sala-I-Martin, Xavier, comp. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. May 2006. Columbia University. 12 Nov. 2007 . Schultz, Jim. Water Fallout. In These Times. 15 May 2000. 12 Nov. 2007 . The World Factbook. Distribution of Family Income-the Gini Index. 1 Nov. 2007. Central Intelligence Agency. 12 Nov. 2007 . Research Papers on The Relevancy of Marxism in Modern Latin AmericaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Article Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Analysis Paper - Essay Example This followed the return from Greek securities that totals up to 33% in the year until recently, making it the most among sovereign markets that are tracked by Bloomberg indexes. The fact that private investors would be up and running in order to purchase medium-term Greek notes at 4.75% yield is a clear indication of the desperation attempts to overcome their economic fiasco. The Greece financial crisis therefore dates back to four years ago when that began to seek assistance from the international monetary fund and the European Union for funds. The Thursday bomb explosion is evidence that people are not happy with the current economic situation in Greece. The fact that the big bond was offered since the sovereign debt four years ago does not imply that the economy will be brought back on its feet and on time. It indicates that the decision does not serve to address the situation on anonymous grounds which breeds grounds for conflict. The group believes that the move by the Greece government is a cosmetic step that is meant to dodge the real issues facing the Greece economy. The real issue at hand should be how the euro can be used to rebuild the economy without accumulating additional debt. Strategies that have been put in place to bail out the Greece economy may not give immediate results owing to the nature of the results expected. The bailout program which entails an 8.3 billion euro- aid payment makes it the first bailout program me since the last December. This follows projection that the Greek economy is expected to expand by an average of 0.6% in 2014 following six years of contraction has cost the economy approximately a quarter of its budget thereby leading to the rise in unemployment rate. Bidding of security bonds in the foreign exchange market has also propelled the loss of jobs in the country. It comes with an increase in taxes which results into inflation from

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Instant Transmission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instant Transmission - Essay Example Moritz identifies that the professional codes have been negatively affected by the environmental changes in the digital world. Technology is the cause for such concerns due to the high demand of news coverage from the public. The author collected sufficient data about the topic from interviewing reporters, photographers, videographers, editors, producers, and school administrators (Gross et al., 72). Moritz convincingly argue that the ability to distribute news is highly influenced by the available technology (Gross et al., 72). In addition, she argues that the same technology is accessible to both media professionals and non-professionals. In her interviews, she convincingly concludes that the media hold the highest form of accountability to the content distributed to the public. In addition, the general public has a responsibility towards spreading information that is confirmed and accurate. Moritz successfully concludes her findings by stating, â€Å"Both accuracy and control are sacrificed for speed of delivery† (Gross et al., 92). She arrives at such a conclusion from the manner in which news networks covered the infamous incident. The news network transmitted disturbing images that were considered as not fit for the public. It is evident that the demand for news surpasses the supply. It is for this reason that media networks utilize any news-making opportunity to ge nerate news that would ensure that the customers get what they demand. The author explains how technology limits the control and accuracy of news content distributed to the public. She acknowledges that technology is accessible to both professionals and non-professionals. In the contemporary world, everyone can express their views on the World Wide Web. The speed in which media houses release news content results in premature, and at times sensitive information reaching the public. In addition, the public is at liberty to either access or distribute subjective information that is

Monday, November 18, 2019

What is Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is Marriage - Essay Example The first marriage is instituted by God in the Garden of Eden. After He created the heaven and earth and all creatures therein, He also created man. However, He also recognized that â€Å"It is not good that man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.† Thus, He made Eve to complete Adam, to be his companion, to receive his love and share his dominion in all the earth. It should also be noted that as Eve is created from Adam’s ribs, she became the â€Å"bone of his bones† and the â€Å"flesh of his flesh† which signifies their union.Biblical marriage, as stated above has three important aspects which is contained in Genesis 2:24. The first is that â€Å"a man should leave his father and mother.† In a marriage, this is extremely important. It should also be noted that it is the man who should leave his parents as he is the head of the family. In the house of his parents, the father of the husband is the head of the family. Thus, the fir st phase of marriage requires him to put up his own dwelling with his wife apart from his parents. This is illustrated in the Bible in the case of Jacob. In the house of his father-in-law, he is considered as a servant. When he returned to his father’s camp, he did not live with them but build his own household. In our modern world, this aspect of marriage is still very important. A separate household is imperative for a family as it allows them to make their own decisions. This also helps prevent disputes arising from the disagreements among parents and children.... In the house of his father-in-law, he is considered as a servant. When he returned in his father's camp, he did not live with them but build his own household (Ptacek 4). In our modern world, this aspect of marriage is still very important. A separate household is imperative for a family as it allows them to make their own decisions. Also, a man and woman joined in marriage are considered to have a new life of their own and separating them to their parents will ensure this. This also helps prevent disputes arising from the disagreements among parents and children. The second phase of marriage in Biblical marriage is for man to "cleave to his wife." This aspect is better illustrated by using a simpler word for "cleave." Cleave means to "be joined" which connotes a close, intimate and inseparable relationship with his wife (Ptcaek 5). Being joined is more than just living together. A man and woman bound by marriage will have a meeting not only of mind and heart, but should also have one direction, one purpose, and one faith. This second aspect strongly indicates the eternal covenant between man and woman. A husband "cleaving" to his wife is an illustration of two individuals being joined for the rest of their lives amidst any situation. The third aspect of marriage is that husband and wife "shall become one flesh." Accordingly, there are three interpretations to this passage. The first one believes that it symbolizes sexual intercourse while the other is the wife's joining the family of her husband. However, a more favored interpretation is the reference to the "flesh" to the natural life (Ptacek 7-9). When God created man with soul, spirit, and body the two being eternal while the physical body perishes after death.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Why It Is Important To Study Organizational Behavior Essay

Why It Is Important To Study Organizational Behavior Essay INTRODUCTION According to (Robins Judge, 10th, p.2), Organizational Behavior studies the influence and impact that individuals, groups, and organizational structure have on behavior within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness. In the business world today, Organizational Behavior is an essential tool for managing effective teams and it helps to understand and predict human behavior in an organization. It studies on how organizations can be structures more accurately, and how several events in their outside situations effect organizations. It has become more significant today than in previous years because organizations must master to adapt to the rapidly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive market. In order to know how to handle a new workforce, and cope with the challenges of the new environment, the employers need to deliver their message about behavior and attitude of groups, and individuals in corporation. According to Graham and Krueger (1996), soft skills were never a part of management training and it was precious that employers were advised for possessing those skills. If employer can understands on an employees adaptability, personality, and creativity, motivating that employee the way he need to be motivated is never a gray area and a guaranteed success. Question (A): Why it is important to study Organizational Behavior? The study of organizational behavior is one of the most significant elements in the management sciences, as it makes management learn from what has succeeded elsewhere. Generally, financial strength is a measure of the organizations past success. What determines whether the organization will continue to deliver sought-after products, will continue to develop cutting edge technology, will continue to make the right options about which direction the market is going to go, will continue to make sound investments, is the people and the organizational culture and structure. According to Casey Reader (2010), different organizational structures will show different types of organizations that each has strengths and weaknesses. There are four main elements which are Motivation, Culture, Change, and System. According to Motivation, it draws that individual behave differently when they are in groups. Major of the study of organizational behavior has aimed on how best to motivate group of individuals. Professionals have figure that it often doesnt matter exactly what you do, but merely that employees are aware of your efforts to motivate. Based on Culture, when individual communicate with one another over an extended period of time they intentionally to deliver a selective culture that determines how tasks get completed and common attitudes. Organizational theorists tend to practice this culture and how it influences behavior. Strong cultures align with the overall goals of an organization, such as having an emphasis on innovation. On the other hand, weak cult ures degrade from business goals, and cause conflicts, such as overemphasizing bureaucratic rule-following. Today, Motivation and Culture are important to practice with Organizational Behavior because major organizations are encouraging team approach to solve difficulties. Todays post-industrial hi-tech organization requires knowledge intensive work environment and demands creativity from its own employees. Employers gave awareness to Organizational Behavior or soft skill training. The industrial revolution created the wants for hard skills. Employees who work in production line and were not required thinking or communicating to each other. But now, instead of standing behind the production line, employees need to sit in front of a computer, and control machine equipment who works in the production line. Now, employees are not only required to learn new technical skills but also how to communicate, negotiate, decentralize, and motivate within each other. Based on (Morgan, 1997: 5), we have to accept that any theory or perspective that we bring to the study of organization and management, while capable of creating valuable insights, is also incomplete, biased, and potentially misleading. Organizational behavior shows the important key points as Regulatory, and Radical. Basically, Regulatory helps to draw what goes on in organizations, possibly to present minor changes that might improve them, but not to make any basic judgment about whether what happens is correct or incorrect. Radical tends to make judgments about the way that organizations ought to be and provide recommendations on how this could be accomplished. Traditional organization used to practice Regulatory while new modern organization tends to act Radical. To well organize in budget controlling, new modern organization in today doesnt willing to give a long time for bank credit cards salesperson to hit their sales target. New modern organizations urge to get the results fr om salesperson whereas the salesperson should hit their monthly sales on time and accurately, if the salesperson failed to hit the target continuously in few months, employers reserved the rights to terminate the employee. Conversely, traditional organizations used to act Regulatory whereas Hire and Fire policy will never be the options for a traditional organization to behave. Employers are patient enough and theyre willing to spend times to educate, guide, and monitor an employees performance. Based on (Taylor, 1911: Fayol, 1949), the orthodox view in organization theory has been based predominantly on the metaphors of machine and organism. The metaphor of a machine underwrites the work of the classical management theorists. According to Figure 1, it draws the three concepts for understanding the nature and organization of social science, which is Paradigms, Metaphors, and Puzzle Solving. Metaphor plays an important role in organization behavior. Metaphor is frequently regarded as no more than a literary and descriptive device for embellishment, but more fundamentally is a creative form which generates its effect though a crossing of images. Based on Figure 2, by Burrell and Morgan (1979), functionalist paradigm, which is also named as objective-regulation, is the first paradigm for organizational study. Its also a strong outline for the study of organizations and assume that rational human actions and believes one can be understand through the hypothesis testing. Due to the problem-solving orientation which is leads to rational explanation. It seeks to provide rational explanations of human affairs and its pragmatic and deeply rotten in sociological positivism. Relationships are concrete and can be identified studied and measured via science. Functionalist paradigm is based on upon the assumption that society has a concrete, real existence, and a systemic character oriented to produce an ordered and regulated state of affairs, it encourages an approach to social theory that focuses upon understanding the role of human begins in society. Behavior is always seen as being contextually bound in a real world of concrete and tangible social relationships. The functionalist perspective is primarily regulative and pragmatic in its basic orientation, concerned with understanding community in a way which arise useful empirical knowledge. According to Figure 2, by Burrell and Morgan (1979), interpretative paradigm, which is also called as subjective-regulation, is the paradigm whether organizations exist in any real sense beyond the conceptions of social actors, so understanding must be based on the experience of people who work in them. Basically, individuals seek to explain the stability of behavior from the selective viewpoint. Interpretative also explain the behavior from the individuals viewpoint. It emphasized the spiritual nature of the world. The interpretative social theorist tends to understand the process through which shared multiples realities arise, are sustained and changed. Like the functionalist, the interpretative approach is based on the assumption and belief that there is an underlying pattern and order within the social world. However, the interpretative theorist looks the functionalists attempt to institute an objective social science as an unattainable end. Question (B): How this learning may be useful to you in the future? According to (Krech, Cruthfield and Ballachey, 1962), leadership draws as a personality trait. Leadership has traditionally been seen as a distinctly interpersonal phenomenon demonstrated in the interactions between leaders and subordinates. The differential characteristics and career experiences likely to influence the development of these selected skills also are considered along with the implications of these observations for leadership theory and for the career development of organizational leaders. Due to (Jeroen P.J. de Jong, and Deanne N. Den Hartog, 1990), the leadership abstracts purpose is to provide an inventory of leader behaviors likely to enhance employees innovative behavior, and including idea generation and application behavior. In order to be most effective, leaders in an organization must have a clear vision and understanding of the organizational structure. With the well observation of Organizational Behavior, individuals can built a good and high quality of leade rship throughout this selected observation. Individuals able to own a good personality traits, and known well with the own roles and responsibilities of a leader. Human beings encourage seeking satisfaction in every phase of their life. From satisfying their basic primal needs and wants, which is hunger, thirst, rest and social interaction, the complex community today has its benchmark of goals and fulfillment that should be accomplished by individuals. This selective set of fulfillment and goals encloses securing a good job, preferably with a good pay and hopefully, with a high level of job satisfaction. There is no fixed and formal guideline on how to overcome challenges at work into a motivation for individuals to reach job satisfaction, so that with the good practicing of Organizational Behavior, individuals are able to well handle the task pressure, and overcome the variety of challenges. Due to the research and learning of Organizational Behavior, individuals will be able to present and well-practiced a positive working attitude towards his own task and job responsibilities. This selected learning of Organizational Behavior helps individ ual to create self-awareness all the times. Individuals will be able to draw and execute his own action plan, and well known the current position of him, and be aware of where is the next position he is going to reach. CONCLUSION Organizational Behavior is the application of knowledge about how peoples, individuals, and groups act and react in an organization, in order to reach and accomplish the highest quality of performances, and dominant results. One way for an organization to become more innovative is to capitalize on its own employees to innovate. All organizations and groups experience the direct relationship between job satisfaction, and performance. In order to maximize the performance of those within a system, it is significant important to develop an optimal interpersonal chemistry. There is more evidence that the teaching and implementation of soft skills should get higher emphasis in education and organization training process, but it should only complement hard skills, not substitute for it.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Distinct Epic Format of Ovids Metamorphoses Essay -- Ovid Metamor

The Distinct Epic Format of Ovid's Metamorphoses Ovid's "Metamorphoses" is sometimes argued as a non-epic as well as a true epic. It is mainly viewed as a non-epic because Ovid's subject matter is far from the heroic themes of the "Illiad", "Odyssey", and the "Aeneid" (Keith 237). Ovid was different and was motivated to push the epic beyond its previous boundaries (Ovid). Perhaps in hopes to confirm the structure of his work, Ovid declares that he will undertake "one continuous song in many thousands of verses" (Keith 238-239). Ovid's wording here is a self-conscious declaration that he is going to write in the epic mode. Ovid consciously wants his style to be different, however still contained in the epic form. So, Ovid purposely inserts himself within the epic tradition. First Ovid composes "Metamorphoses" in hexameters, which is "the right metre for epic," according to Aristotle (Ovid). The method of hexameters was considered to be the meter in which epic poems were composed in classical antiquity (Keith 236). Ovid knew how to convince the people of his day of his intende...

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Branding Proposal

Done is a small, personally owned public relations agency that specializes in event activations. C-Ad's strong suits are in image creation, coordinating, promoting and managing public events. The activities that are provided, ensures the client's target customers to understand and remember their brand without having a second to think. Our target customers are start-up business, rising small businesses and expanding businesses.These clients are in need of outsourced public relations in order to gain more information of what the external dimension of their company is in need of. By magnifying our trained, experienced and valued employees, Commanded will definitely earn its spot in the public relations map in advance than planned. Furthermore, by the owner having good relationships in the fashion and entertainment business this will be a competitive advantage on getting the appropriate press for the event activations. Commanded will use the traditional 3 ways of promotion, which are; 1 .Offline marketing Print ads (magazine, newspaper, flyers, posters) Television/ radio commercials Coordinate events for the opening events and get involved with charity work to get some reputation and a name in the industry because normally, charity events involves a lot of pres and celebrities, furthermore, by building a good relationship with the charity companies and celebrities, it will automatically attract the public eye. 2. Online marketing 2. 1 . 2. 2. 2. 3. Twitter, Faceable and Mainstream Pop-up ads E-mail blasts (different from spam) 3.Word of mouth 3. 1 . Relying on the relationship that has been made from events, Commanded are hoping and sure that all of our future customers will be satisfied and will recommend our services to family and friends. Our agency's target audiences are; I Start-up business, New businesses that still do not have any recognition from the community and most importantly from their target customers. Ii Rising small businesses and Small business wh om are known in the coal surroundings market but wants to expand into the bigger community. Ii Expanding businesses Business whom are already known but still wants to branch out, and host opening parties which will involve press and possibly spokes person.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War From 1975-1990

Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War From 1975-1990 The Lebanese Civil War took place from 1975 to 1990 and claimed the lives of some 200,000 people, which left Lebanon in ruins. Lebanese Civil War, 1975 to 1978 April 13, 1975:  Gunmen attempt to assassinate Maronite Christian Phalangist leader Pierre Gemayel as he’s leaving church that Sunday. In retaliation, Phalangist gunmen ambush a busload of Palestinians, most of them civilians, killing 27 passengers. Week-long clashes between Palestinian-Muslim forces and Phalangists follow, marking the beginning of Lebanon’s 15-year civil war. June 1976: Some 30,000 Syrian troops enter Lebanon, ostensibly to restore peace. Syria’s intervention stops vast military gains against Christians by Palestinian-Muslim forces. The invasion is, in fact, Syria’s attempt to claim Lebanon, which it never recognized when Lebanon won independence from France in 1943. October 1976: Egyptian, Saudi, and other Arab troops in small numbers join the Syrian force as a result of a peace summit brokered in Cairo. The so-called Arab Deterrent Force would be short-lived. March 11, 1978: Palestinian commandos attack an Israeli kibbutz between Haifa and Tel Aviv, then hijack a bus. Israeli forces respond. By the time the battle was over, 37 Israelis and nine Palestinians were killed. March 14, 1978: Some 25,000 Israeli soldiers crossed the Lebanese border in Operation Litani, named for the Litani River that crosses South Lebanon, not 20 miles from the Israeli border. The invasion is designed to wipe out the Palestine Liberation Organization’s structure in South Lebanon. The operation fails. March 19, 1978: The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 425, sponsored by the United States, calling on Israel to withdraw from South Lebanon and on the UN to establish a 4,000-strong UN peacekeeping force in South Lebanon. The force is termed the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. Its original mandate was for six months. The force is still in Lebanon today. June 13, 1978: Israel withdraws, mostly, from occupied territory, handing over authority to the breakaway Lebanese Army force of Maj. Saad Haddad, which expands its operations in South Lebanon, operating as an Israeli ally. July 1, 1978: Syria turns its guns on Lebanon’s Christians, pounding Christian areas of Lebanon in the worst fighting in two years. September 1978: U.S. President Jimmy Carter brokers the Camp David accords between Israel and Egypt, the first Arab-Israeli peace. Palestinians in Lebanon vow to escalate their attacks on Israel. 1982 to 1985 ​June 6, 1982: Israel invades Lebanon again. Gen. Ariel Sharon leads the attack. The two-month drive leads the Israeli army to the southern suburbs of Beirut. The Red Cross estimates the invasion costs the lives of some 18,000 people, mostly civilian Lebanese. August 24, 1982: A multinational force of U.S. Marines, French paratroopers, and Italian soldiers lands in Beirut to assist in the evacuation of the Palestine Liberation Organization. August 30, 1982: After intense mediation led by the United States, Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization, which had run a state-within-a-state in West Beirut and South Lebanon, evacuate Lebanon. Some 6,000 PLO fighters go mostly to Tunisia, where they are again dispersed. Most end up in the West Bank and Gaza. September 10, 1982: The Multinational force completes its withdrawal from Beirut. Sept. 14, 1982: The Israeli-backed Christian Phalangist leader and Lebanese President-Elect Bashir Gemayel is assassinated at his headquarters in East Beirut. Sept. 15, 1982: Israeli troops invade West Beirut, the first time an Israeli force enters an Arab capital. Sept. 15-16, 1982: Under the supervision of Israeli forces, Christian militiamen are bused into the two Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila, ostensibly to â€Å"mop up† remaining Palestinian fighters. Between 2,000 and 3,000 Palestinian civilians are massacred. September 23, 1982: Amin Gemayel, brother of Bashir, takes office as Lebanon’s president. September 24, 1982: The U.S.-French-Italian Multinational Force returns to Lebanon in a show of force and support for the Gemayel’s government. At first, French and American soldiers play a neutral role. Gradually, they turn into defenders of the Gemayel regime against Druze and Shiites in central and South Lebanon. April 18, 1983: The American Embassy in Beirut is attacked by a suicide bomb, killing 63. By then, the United States is actively engaged in Lebanon’s civil war on the side of the Gemayel government. May 17, 1983: Lebanon and Israel sign a U.S.-brokered peace agreement that calls for the withdrawal of Israeli troops contingent on the withdrawal of Syrian troops from northern and eastern Lebanon. Syria opposes the agreement, which was never ratified by the Lebanese parliament and canceled in 1987. October 23, 1983: U.S. Marines barracks near Beirut International Airport, on the south side of the city, are attacked by a suicide bomber in a truck, killing 241 Marines. Moments later, French paratroopers’ barracks are attacked by a suicide bomber, killing 58 French soldiers. Feb. 6, 1984:  Predominantly Shiite Muslim militias seize control of West Beirut. June 10, 1985:  The Israeli army finishes withdrawing out of most of Lebanon, but keeps an occupation zone along the Lebanon-Israeli border and calls it its â€Å"security zone.† The zone is patrolled by the South Lebanon Army and Israeli soldiers. June 16, 1985:  Hezbollah militants hijack a TWA flight to Beirut, demanding the release of Shiite prisoners in Israeli jails. Militants murder U.S. Navy diver Robert Stethem. The passengers were not freed until two weeks later. Israel, over a period of weeks following the resolution of the hijacking,  released  some 700 prisoners, insisting the release was not related to the hijacking. 1987 to 1990 June 1, 1987:  Lebanese Prime Minister Rashid Karami, a Sunni Muslim, is assassinated when a bomb explodes in his helicopter. He is replaced by Selim  el Hoss. September 22, 1988:  The presidency of Amin Gemayel ends without a successor. Lebanon operates under two rival governments: a military government led by renegade general Michel Aoun, and a civil government headed by Selim  el Hoss, a Sunni Muslim. March 14, 1989:  Gen. Michel Aoun declares a â€Å"war of Liberation† against Syrian occupation. The war triggers a devastating final round to the Lebanese Civil War as Christian factions battle it out. September 22, 1989:  The Arab League brokers a cease-fire. Lebanese and Arab leaders meet in Taif, Saudi Arabia, under the leadership of Lebanese Sunni leader Rafik Hariri. The Taif agreement effectively lays the groundwork for an end to the war by reapportioning power in Lebanon. Christians lose their majority in Parliament, settling for a 50-50 split, though the president is to  remain  a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of Parliament a Shiite Muslim. November 22, 1989:  President-Elect Renà ©Ã‚  Muawad, believed to have been a reunification candidate, is assassinated. He is replaced by Elias Harawi. Gen. Emile Lahoud is named to replace Gen. Michel Aoun as commander of the Lebanese army. October 13, 1990:  Syrian forces are given a green light by France and the United States to storm Michel Aoun’s presidential palace once Syria joins the American coalition against Saddam Hussein in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. October 13, 1990:  Michel Aoun takes refuge in the French Embassy, then chooses exile in Paris (he was to return as a Hezbollah ally in 2005). October 13, 1990, marks the official end of the Lebanese Civil War. Between 150,000 and 200,000 people, most of them civilians, are believed to have perished in the war.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Max Stafford-Clarke Essays

Max Stafford-Clarke Essays Max Stafford-Clarke Paper Max Stafford-Clarke Paper Stafford-Clark researches every play he does and expects his company to do the same, the company are expected to read around the subject of the play not Just through books, but wrought interviewing relevant people. Stafford-Clacks style of work is verbatim theatre, a type of documentary theatre. People are interviewed and their stories told in a verbatim way. Multimode is also used so that actors can play multiple characters. The Permanent Way* is an example of his work, based around the prevarication of Britains railways. He investigated people related to the situation so that the play could be true to the actual cause. Much of Stafford-Clacks work centers on political issues and events from which he can study. A workshop isnt exactly rehearsal, nor Is t Journalistic investigation, nor is it academic research and yet It contains elements of all three of these. - Max Stafford-Clark There are many rehearsal techniques that Stafford-Clark uses In his work, his most famous Is the use of playing cards to work out the dynamics of a scene and to develop a character. They are most commonly used to work out status and Intensity, for scenes that were not quite working in rehearsals Stafford-Clacks card technique was used to allow the actor to consider other angles of performance. Improvisation Is also used In Stafford-Clacks rehearsal take, for example actors would have to Improvise around an Important theme In the play to Improve the understanding of the actors to the situation they are trying to act and therefore help them get Into their roles. With Max Stafford-Clark as practitioner in mind we picked to perform Time Pieces as we believed that we could apply Stafford-Clacks method of research and rehearsal techniques to this play. Time Pieces has a mall theme of womens rights, as with Stafford-Clacks work this Is a political problem that can be research and delivered In a documentary style with use of multimode. We can also research real women of the time to understand how society was for them and therefore develop our performances around our research. As there are many characters In Time Pieces we can use Stafford-Clacks rehearsal techniques of using playing cards and Improvisation to understand our roles and apply status and Intensity to certain scenes that could be played with some Interpretation from the actor. As the play Is based solely on women status Is not always clear we can therefore use playing cards to experiment with status and trial different ways of performing certain scenes.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Mountain Lion Population Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mountain Lion Population Model - Essay Example gic study mode considering Goldman’s findings of 1946 who stated that due to Texas being neighbors with Mexico, there will always be a significant number of mountain lions in Texas. The distribution of mountain lions is mainly in the west and south Texas which borders Mexico. However, the true population distribution is not known because there is no study that has been done before to determine the distribution (McKinney, 2003). I feel that she could have included the history about the lions in the article, considering historically the entire of Texas was inhibited with , Puma concolor, a lion species (McKinney, 2003). This species was famous among people living in Texas then because they viewed them as a threat to their livestock. However, early 1890’s, the mountain lions were being killed at an alarming rate which in turn lead to drastic decrease in population. Also, to be added in her findings are the strategies suggested in the survey that needs to be put in place. The study gave the following management plans that should be undertaken to control the lion numbers such as establish sink areas for rearing goat and sheep where no predators allowed, establish source areas where the lions reproduce without any interference and construct stable areas where harvesting can be done to control the mountain lions group (McKinney, 2003). In conclusion, including the history and the three strategies is very important because mountain lions also contribute to the ecology and it is also of social and economical value to Texas. For example, lions help control the population of animals such as deer and other species which in turn help maintain vegetation cover, thus achieving a balanced ecology. The study indicated that most of the lions killed are female and the current rate of killing is higher than the rate at which the lions reproduce. Due to the killing, the existing populace mainly comprises of young lions and this is not healthy for any animal populace

Friday, November 1, 2019

To what extent does research on past tense morphology suggest that Paper

To what extent does on past tense morphology suggest that children are born with innate knowledge of grammatical rules - Research Paper Example According to the research findings the area of language acquisition in children is full of arguments and counterarguments among major linguists. Many times, the viewpoint either group assumes completely contradicts the contrary group’s argument. The theoretical approach is in wide usage in interpretation phonological and semantic acquisition of linguistic abilities in children, and major controversies are noticeable along this dimension. Major contributors to this debate are Pinker and his colleagues on one side, and McClelland and their colleagues on the contrary side. McClelland and Patterson are largely sympathetic to the proposition of connectionists with regard to acquisition of linguistic knowledge. However, the standpoints of either team of sociolinguists are particularly divergent with regard to acquisition of past tense morphology in children. This controversy is of much interest to linguists, and necessitates further probing and examination of the tenets on which eit her ideology rests. The purpose of this paper is to debate the extent to which the two groups of researchers discuss the occurrence of innate knowledge of grammatical rule s in children. Earlier studies on the acquisition of past morphologies gave insight into a number of factors affecting the process of past tense verbal inflection in children. Kuczaj’s study was one of the pioneering works on language acquisition of language in children with regard to past tense inflection. Unlike prior presumptions about past tense inflection in children, the study showed that the regular rule of ‘ed’ is not more likely to be overgeneralized to irregular forms such as ‘hit’ than other forms of irregular forms. In addition, there was a partial validity of the one of the study’s hypotheses that the two types of overgeneralization errors highlighted by the study had inquisitional relevance. Consequently, limited use of regular verbs was significant in reducing the number of overgeneralization errors. In summary, Kuczaj (589) backs the theory that acquisition of past tense morphology in children is dependent on learning environment. Consequently, past tense inflection is not an innate process but a rule-based process based on knowledge on words and rules for processing past tense verbal inflections. Innate Understanding of Past tense with regard to Rule-Based model of language acquisition In their defense of the rule-based model, Pinker and Ullman appear to oppose the suggestion that the understanding of past tense morphology is in anyway innate in children’s acquisition of language. According to Pinker, children rely on learning to acquire knowledge on the use of past tense forms of verbs. Children learn the use of past tense from common forms of past tenses, specifically the use of ‘d’ and ‘ed’. Children then create rules based on these rules, which also explains why most mistakes made with regard to pas t tense morpho